Euromaidan Press

News and Opinion from Ukraine and Europe on Military and Political Developments.

Більше новин

Forced migration in Crimea as part of Russia’s ‘hybrid’ strategy.

Russian President Vladimir Putin’s Decree No. 201 came into effect on March 20, 2021. The executive edict adds Crimea and Sevastopol to “the list of Russia’s border territories where foreign citizens, stateless persons, and foreign legal entities cannot own land.” As such, non-Russians, including Ukrainian citizens who still reside in occupied Crimea but who refused to obtain a Russian passport, can now be stripped of their property. One year ago, Putin imposed a ban on land ownership in Crimea, thereby legitimizing the state’s appropriation of Ukrainian government assets and private property there. Foreign citizens legally had one year to sell or re-register their property based in Crimea; but Russia, under the pretext of anti-pandemic restrictions, significantly limited outside access to Crimea, especially for those trying to enter the peninsula from Ukraine ( Krymr.com, March 11). Decree No. 201 is not only a violation of Ukrainian legislation (Crimea remains overwhelmingly recognized as de jure part of Ukraine) and international humanitarian law, but also represents another illegal step forward for Russia’s recolonization strategy in Crimea. The Russian authorities are trying to clear the occupied territory of “disloyal” residents and to erect a kind of “iron curtain” between Crimea and Ukraine.

Read more: Between occupation and annexation: finding the proper way to call Ukrainian Crimea

Since 2014, Russia has been employing traditional Soviet resettlement practices and forcibly changing the demographic composition of the population in Crimea (see EDM, May 30, 2019 and August 6, 2019). The imposition of Russian Federation citizenship on residents of Crimea (nearly all residents of the peninsula had Russian citizenship less than a year after the annexation), forced deportations, the unlawful conscription of local men into the Russian military, persecutions and imprisonments of pro-Ukrainian activists who stand against the occupation, repressions against the Ukrainian Church, as well as closures of Ukrainian schools triggered a mass departure of Ukrainians (including Crimean Tatars) from Crimea. According to the Prosecutor General’s Office of Ukraine, almost 48,000 people left the peninsula for Ukraine during the last seven years ( Krymr.com , January 6, 2021). The number of those who moved to other countries may be higher.

Read more: Crimea. Dehydration: A film exposing Russia’s colonial policy and the desiccation of the occupied peninsula

At the same time, Russia has been actively trying to increase the size of its “loyal” population by promoting and encouraging the in-migration of its citizens to Crimea. According to the Office of the Federal State Statistics Service in Crimea and Sevastopol, since 2014, 205,559 Russians moved to Crimea, of whom 88,445 settled in Sevastopol ( Crimeahrg.org , January 6). As of January 2021, the population of Sevastopol was 513,149 ( Goroda Rossii , accessed March 14). Ukrainian authorities from the Ministry of Reintegration of Temporarily Occupied Territories and representatives of the Crimean Human Rights Group believe the real figures of such new settlers are much greater ( Informator.ua , January 6). A large number of military personnel, employees of the federal government, local and federal executive branch agencies (the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Federal Security Service, the Investigative Committee, the Customs Service, prosecutor’s offices, the Border Service, the National Guard, the Tax Service, the Treasury, the Pension Fund), and members of their families are moving to Crimea without changing their permanent registration in Russian passports (because of the fear of being sanctioned), and thus they are not included in official statistics. Russian official statistics include only those who registered their place of residence in Crimea. The joint “Monitoring Group” of BlackSeaNews and the Black Sea Institute of Strategic Studies suggests that the real number of migrants who came to Crimea may be between 800,000 and 1 million people (BlackSeaNews, August 29, 2020). Refat Chubarov, a politician and leader of the Crimean Tatar national movement, stated a few years ago that during the period of annexation, new or expanded military towns appeared in Dzhankoi, Saki, Yevpatoria and Sevastopol ( Radio Svoboda , May 28, 2018). According to Gayan Yuksel, a member of the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People, the Russian government launched a special resettlement program for siloviki (security services personnel) . They reportedly receive a one-time payment of $30,000 to move their families to Crimea ( Espreso.tv , March 17, 2019).

Read more: Grasping at straws: how the pro-Kremlin media tried to legitimize the illegal annexation of Crimea

Additionally, Russian retirees from Moscow, the Far North, Siberia and other wealthy areas have been actively buying up real estate in Crimea. The Simferopol-based Russian National Commercial Bank considers Siberians a key target audience for the development of real estate mortgage programs in Crimea. The bank initiated a large-scale remote mortgage program in Siberia. Buyers from a major Siberian city of Krasnoyarsk will be able to make a real estate purchase in Crimea and obtain a mortgage remotely ( Krymr.com , January 25, 2019).

Individuals from the so-called Luhansk and Donetsk “people’s republics” (LNR, DNR) have also contributed to migration flows into Crimea. Prior to the annexation, many Ukrainians from these eastern provinces had already invested in the Crimean real estate market. In Russian official statistics, they are presently indicated as “migrants from CIS [Commonwealth of Independent States] countries.” Moreover, most of them moved to Crimea during the first year of occupation and now have Russian passports. Consequently, it is difficult to adequately assess the scale of their migration ( BlackSeaNews , August 29, 2020).

Read more: Crimean Platform sets the scene for deoccupation, all UN members should join – Ukrainian expert at UNSC

Migrant workers from the Caucasus, Central Asia and Upper (“Nagorno”) Karabakh are also not uncommon in Crimea. This diverse environment sometimes provokes ethnic tensions and conflicts on the peninsula. Reportedly, such migration flows led to the formation of ethnically based organized crime groups. In 2019, Russian police arrested a dozen Chechens, including Murad Saidov, the deputy permanent representative of Chechnya in Crimea. The detained men were suspected of extortion, kidnapping and involvement in a Chechen criminal group in Crimea. But Isa Khachukaev, Chechen governor Ramzan Kadyrov’s permanent envoy to the peninsula, and Kadyrov himself stood up for the apprehended Saidov ( Lenta , February 7, 2019).

Since illegally annexing Ukraine’s Crimean Peninsula, Russia has been forcibly shifting the region’s demographic composition and trying to replace the native Crimean population with its own loyal citizens. Moreover, these transformative migration flows enable the occupying authorities to create a Trojan Horse against any future efforts by Kyiv to return the peninsula to its control. The saturation of Crimea with siloviki and military personnel is also done intentionally, helping further militarize the region and populate Crimea with trusted armed people. According to Article 49(6) of the Fourth Geneva Convention of 1949 and Article 8(2)(b)(viii) of the Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC), “the transfer, directly or indirectly, by the Occupying Power of parts of its own civilian population into the territory it occupies” is completely prohibited and considered a war crime ( Crimeahrg.org , January 6).

Read More:

You could close this page. Or you could join our community and help us produce more materials like this. We keep our reporting open and accessible to everyone because we believe in the power of free information. This is why our small, cost-effective team depends on the support of readers like you to bring deliver timely news, quality analysis, and on-the-ground reports about Russia's war against Ukraine and Ukraine's struggle to build a democratic society. A little bit goes a long way: for as little as the cost of one cup of coffee a month, you can help build bridges between Ukraine and the rest of the world, plus become a co-creator and vote for topics we should cover next. Become a patron or see other ways to support. Become a Patron!

U.S. business leaders meet with China’s president as Beijing seeks closer ties

U.S. business leaders meet with China’s president as Beijing seeks closer ties

NBC News' Janis Mackey Frayer reports from Beijing, where a number of U.S. business leaders, including the CEOs of Blackstone, Qualcomm, Bloomberg, Chubb and FedEx, met with the Chinese president » Subscribe to NBC News: NBC News Digital is a coll...

NBC News -

Visa, Mastercard agree to lower ‘swipe fees’ for merchants.

Visa, Mastercard agree to lower ‘swipe fees’ for merchants.

To settle a class action lawsuit, the companies have agreed to lower the rates they charge merchants and not raise them for at least five years. Subscribe to ABC News on YouTube: Watch 24/7 coverage of breaking news and live events on ABC News Liv...

ABC News 1

Gaza Hospital Patients in Jerusalem Face Uncertainty.

Gaza Hospital Patients in Jerusalem Face Uncertainty.

Israel has ordered Palestinian hospital patients back to the Gaza Strip after they’re done with treatment in East Jerusalem medical facilities. As Linda Gradstein reports from East Jerusalem, the order has sparked an outcry, and the Israeli Suprem...

VOA News 1

Watch live: Queen Camilla visits Shrewsbury Flaxmill Maltings and meets with local volunteers.

Watch live: Queen Camilla visits Shrewsbury Flaxmill Maltings and meets with local volunteers.

Watch live as Queen Camilla visits Shrewsbury Flaxmill Maltings and meets with local volunteers. More here: #RoyalFamily #Camilla #KingCharles #Visit #Event #SkyNews SUBSCRIBE to our YouTube channel for more videos: Follow us on Twitter: Like us o...

Sky News 2

'Disturbing sight': Eyewitnesses recount seeing the Baltimore bridge collapse.

'Disturbing sight': Eyewitnesses recount seeing the Baltimore bridge collapse.

Baltimore eyewitnesses Christian Miller and Toby Gutermuth describe the moment the Francis Scott Key Bridge collapsed after a cargo ship collided with the structure. Miller and Gutermuth drove over the bridge approximately 30 minutes before it col...

NBC News -

Sean  «Diddy»  Combs' lawyer slams raids at Los Angeles, Miami homes.

Sean «Diddy» Combs' lawyer slams raids at Los Angeles, Miami homes.

A lawyer representing Sean "Diddy" Combs called the raids at the musician's Los Angeles and Miami homes a "gross overuse of military-level force." The raids were part of a possible ongoing sex trafficking investigation, U.S. officials confirmed Mo...

CBS News -